Abstract
Advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect transfusions, citrated low-titer group O blood (Uni-versalblut-Konserve), and of substitutes (salt solns., indifferent colloidal solns. such as Periston, and serum) are discussed. Indications for whole blood and substitutes are noted in some detail. Effects of hemorrhage are described and the use of whole blood is favored although serum or other substitutes are of value in acute hemorrhage and shock.

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