Alternatives to Estrogen for Menopausal Symptoms

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Abstract
It is not within the scope of this chapter to discuss the long-term effects of menopause, such as osteoporosis or heart disease, or to disentangle the complex psychosocial complications and treatments of menopausal mood disorders. All long-term consequences of hypoestrogenism are more amenable to prevention than to cure, as are all the negative consequences of aging. Women should maintain regular physical activity, consume a diet low in fat and high in fiber, ensure adequate calcium intake, and possibly lower animal protein consumption. Moreover, they should know their cholesterol levels and undergo regular physical examinations with an emphasis on health maintenance. Despite the many advantages of estrogen replacement therapy, it is not appropriate for all women. Cultural, personal, and medical considerations may eliminate the use of estrogen, in which case it is important to offer alternative medical advice and direction to minimize bothersome symptoms of menopause and enhance the quality of life.

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