A highly repetitive DNA component common to all Cervidae: its organization and chromosomal distribution during evolution

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Abstract
In recent work we have isolated and characterized a highly repetitive DNA (MMV satellite IA) from Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis, the species with the most reduced karyotype in the Cervidae family. We have now analysed the genomes of nine related species for the presence of MMV satellite IA components, and have determined their organization and chromosomal distribution. Repetitive satellite IA type DNA is present in all species of the Cervidae, and also in the bovine, but not in a species of the Tragulidae suggesting that these sequences were generated after the phylogenetic separation of Bovidae and Tragulidae. Studies on the organization of the satellite IA DNA in the various species revealed three main repeat lengths: 1400, 1000 and 807 bp. The relative proportion of satellite IA sequences present in any one of the three registers is strikingly different within the various species and can be correlated with the phylogeny of the Cervidae. The chromosomal locations of the satellite IA sequences were determined in seven species by in situ hybridization. It turned out that the chromosomal rearrangements leading to the reduction in the number of chromosomes during karyotype evolution have led to the elimination of satellite I DNA at most locations. In all tandem fusions, the satellite IA sequences located at the centromeres of the ancestral acrocentric chromosomes are lost. In contrast, during the centric fusion that generates the M. m. vaginalis X chromosome satellite IA sequences are amplified. Sequence motifs, which are known to be involved in recombinational events are present in the satellite IA and might have contributed to the unique karyotype variation in the Cervidae.