Nonlinear optical susceptibilities of disordered aggregates: A comparison of schemes to account for intermolecular interactions

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Abstract
The performance of approximate theories for the collective nonlinear optical response of assemblies of interacting molecules is investigated by comparing their predictions to exact calculations. To this end, the nonlinear absorption coefficient of linear molecular aggregates with energetic disorder is studied with the aid of Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the well-known local-field approximation (LFA) cannot describe the near-resonance nonlinear absorption spectrum for disorder values up to the nearest-neighbor intermolecular interactions; surprisingly, it is found that the validity of the LFA does not at all improve with growing disorder. By contrast, the ‘‘excitonic two-level system’’ approximation, in which each collective one-photon transition (Frenkel exciton) of the assembly is treated as an independent two-level system, turns out to describe the collective nonlinear response of the aggregates in a much better way and, moreover, rapidly improves for growing disorder values. It is shown that both models correctly describe the linear optical response and that, within the framework of the LFA, a close connection exists between the rotating-wave approximation and the Heitler-London approximation.