Hypothalamic galanin-immunoreactive neurons projecting to the posterior lobe of the rat pituitary: A combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study

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Abstract
To identify the galanin-immunoreactive neurons projecting to the posterior lobe of the pituitary in the rat hypothalamus, a retrograde tracer (complex of wheat germ agglutinin-enzymatically inactive horseradish peroxidase-colloidal gold) was injected into the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Sections of the hypothalamus were treated with a combination of silver enhancement of retrogradely transported tracer and immunohistochemistry of galanin. Of the total number of hypothalamic cells doubly labeled with retrograde tracing and galanin-immunostaining, 56–60% were found in the supraoptic nucleus, 18–23% in the retrochiasmatic nucleus, 8–10% in the lateral magnocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus. The ratio of (number of doubly labeled cells/number of galanin-immunoreactive cells) in each of the above regions was similar to the ratio of (number of retrogradely labeled cells/number of Nissl-stained cells) in the supraoptic nucleus. Of all retrogradely labeled cells in the hypothalamus, 51–56% also contained galaninlike immunoreactivity. In conclusion: (1) galanin-immunoreactive fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary originate mainly in the supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic nucleus, and lateral magnocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus, (2) most of galanin-immunoreactive cells in these regions project to the posterior lobe of the pituitary, and (3) about half the neurons constituting the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system contain galaninlike immunoreactivity.

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