Glucose in normal urine

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Abstract
The use of yeast for the detection of glucose in normal urines is criticized. It is claimed that the phenylhydrazine reaction is more reliable if certain precautions are taken. A method for the preparation of the osazones of the urinary sugars is described. This method detects glucose dissolved in water or glucose added to urines from which the normal sugars have been removed, even when the concentration of glucose is 1 mgm. per 100 cc. In suitable cases glucose added to ordinary urines can be detected when the amount added is as low as 2.5 mgm.%. The osazones given by normal urines form crystal mixtures. These have been shown to be formed of at least 2 simple osazones, one of which is identical with glucosazone. The urines of over 700 young Egyptians have been examined under different conditions, and it has been found that typical glucosazone crystals are given by 20-30% of the urines voided 1-2 hrs. after an ordinary meal; the percentage drops to 12-15% in urines passed 4-5 hrs. after meals, and it falls further to approximately 7% after a 12 hrs.'' fast. That this is, in most cases, not due to an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism has been shown by examining the tolerance of 28 students to 50 gm. glucose. Evidence is given to show that some of the so-called "physiological osazones" of certain observers are impure crystal mixtures. The old view that glucose in small quantities is a constituent of normal urine is confirmed.

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