Dynamic suboptimal control of a heat pump/heat storage system

Abstract
Dynamic suboptimal control of a heat pump/heat storage system, recovering heat from a ground source and supplying it to a building via a storage tank, is investigated when the utilities offer time‐of‐day energy price incentives. On the basis of the analytical solution to the periodic optimization problem,1 suboptimal trajectories for the general time‐varying case are developed and a method for dealing with transition trajectories from one day to the next is given. The transition trajectories are very close to the numerically generated optimal trajectories and are simple enough to be implemented on microprocessors by use of standard PI controllers.