Soil-Air Temperature Relationships and Cold Acclimation of Container Grown Juniperus chinensis ‘Hetzi’1

Abstract
Roots of container grown ‘Hetzi’ juniper developed cold hardiness to -10°C on December 2, 1963 in St. Paul, Minnesota as determined by controlled freezing tests. The temperature of container soil, under natural conditions, did not fall below 0° until after December 2. Once frozen, the soil temperature responded rapidly to falling ambient temperatures. Container soil temperatures of -10° occurred several times after December 2 resulting in root injury. Tops developed cold hardiness from -15°C on September 11 to greater than -39° on December 2, 1963. No top injury occurred at any stage during the study. Winter injury common to container grown Hetzi Juniper in Minnesota is apparently root injury.

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