Studies on digitalis. III. Biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites

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Abstract
Simultaneous serum, urine, and bile measurements of digitoxin and its cardioactive metabolites were performed in 5 cholecystectomized patients with T tube drainage. A 86Rb method was used for serum and urine analysis. The recovery of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites in two extractions with dichloromethane was 93%; 7% was left in bile. Peak bile concentrations had a mean value of 41.6 ng/ml and were seen after 15 to 60 min. Bile concentration was higher than serum and urine concentration after 24 hr. Mean T/2 of serum elimination was 4.3 days and 8.1 days in 5 control subjects (p < 0.01). Mean urine concentration T/2 was 10.4 days and 7.2 days in the control subjects (not significant). Mean bile concentration T/2 was 3.5 days. Urinary excretion of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites was the same in the two groups. The biliary fistula group excreted 22.5% in urine and bile of a dose after 8 days, whereas it was 15.8% in the control subjects. The ratio between the cumulative excretion in urine and bile varied between 1.6 and 2.2. These findings demonstrate that direct interruption of the enterohepatic circulation leads to a marked reduction in serum half-time of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites, but T/2 is still longer than for other glycosides, indicating that factors other than the enterohepatic circulation are of importance in the slow elimination of digitoxin.

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