A Study of Six Cases of de Lange Amsterdam Dwarf Syndrome, with Special Attention to Voice, Speech and Language Characteristics

Abstract
From a survey of southern Scotland, 6 severely handicapped subjects [human] (8-22 yr) were established by firm criteria as suffering from the de Lange Amsterdam Dwarf syndrome. They showed a high incidence of behavior disturbance. Language development was retarded, and all but 1 of the subjects were dysphonic. A connection may exist between the glottal fry (an unperiodical phonation of the vocal folds in a frequency below the normal pitch register) observed in the cries of the younger non-speaking cases and the hoarseness in the speech of the older subjects.

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