The influence of surface oxide composition and structure on carburization in carburization in carbon monoxide – carbon dioxide

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Abstract
The oxidation and carburization of two 20 Cr 30 Ni alloys with nominally 0 and 0.5 wt % Si have been investigated by cyclic exposure to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at 1000°C.In carbon monoxide a chromium oxide film is formed which inhibits further carbon deposition. In carbon dioxide an iron chromium oxide of the spinel type is formed which during subsequent exposure to carbon monoxide acts as a catalyst for carbon deposition. In some areas a breakthrough of the initially formed chromium oxide layer occurs during carbon dioxide treatment. Extensive carbon penetration takes place in these breakthrough areas.The spinel formation and the breakthrough is retarded in the silicon‐containing steel owing to the formation of a thin continuous silica layer at the metal‐chromium oxide interface. This has a beneficial effect on the carburization resistance.The results also imply that it is possible to lower the catalytic effect of the tube material on carbon deposition or even on coke formation by controlling the surface oxide composition and structure.