Pancreatic and Biliary Endoscopy

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Abstract
Dramatic improvements in the quality of instrumentation have established endoscopy as the primary method for diagnosing and treating many pancreatic and biliary diseases. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most commonly used procedure in pancreatic–biliary endoscopy. Through its use of detailed endoscopic and fluoroscopic images, ERCP has evolved into a predominantly therapeutic technique. A new endoscopic procedure, endoscopic ultrasonography, provides high-resolution ultrasound images of the pancreas and biliary ducts and complements the findings of ERCP. With continued improvements in instrumentation, small-diameter catheters will permit even better imaging of the ductal systems with high-resolution endoscopy and ultrasonography.InstrumentationThe duodenoscopes used . . .