Combined diet and exercise intervention reverses the metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged males: results from the Oslo Diet and Exercise Study

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Abstract
We examined the single and combined effects of a 1‐year diet and exercise intervention on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) metabolic syndrome among middle‐aged males. The study was a randomized, controlled, 2 × 2 factorial intervention study. Participants included 137 men with metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria aged 40–49 years randomly allocated to four intervention groups: diet alone (n=34), exercise alone (n=34), the combination of the diet and exercise intervention (n=43) or control (n=26). The main outcome measure was metabolic syndrome as defined by IDF criteria (2005). In the combined diet and exercise group, 14 participants (32.6%) (PP=0.023 vs control) and in the exercise‐only group 26 participants (76.5%) (P=0.23 vs control) had the metabolic syndrome following the intervention. Utilizing the factorial design, both dietary and exercise intervention had significant effects (P<0.005) on the resolution of the metabolic syndrome. Both exercise and dietary intervention reduced metabolic syndrome prevalence compared with control after 1 year of intervention. However, the combined diet and exercise intervention was significantly more effective than diet or exercise alone in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

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