New urea sensor based on a metal island coated ion sensitive swelling polymer device

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Abstract
An optical reflectivity change induced by a change of the micro environment around metal island is used to construct various sensors and biosensors. To obtain a sensitive micro sensor either the island density at the surface of the sensor device or the distance of an island layer film to a solid metal surface or to another island film can be varied. Polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked with sulfonated bisazidostilbenes shows chaotropic ion dependent nanometric shrinking and swelling which can be observed by using this polymer as interlayer in a metal island device. This volume change of the sensing polymer is transduced to an optical signal using a metal island film, followed by a thin layer of an optically transparent welling polymer and a further metal island film as the topmost layer, exposed to the analyte. This new set-up enables the spectroscopic monitoring of the reflectance change from the backside of the sensor chip not exposed to the analyte solution. For the construction of a biosensor the device was either covered by a photo-structured polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane incorporating the desired enzymes or combined with a micro enzyme reactor. The fully reversible response of the sensor is induced by carbonate and ammonium ions liberated from urea by immobilized urease.

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