Abstract
The term "fundamental physical constants" invites two questions: are they fundamental, and are they constant? The non-trivial problem for the second question, which we consider here, is to find something of assured constancy to serve as a reference. One soon realizes that it is most meaningful to concentrate on dimensionless quantities such as the ratio of the electron to proton mass (mc/mp), the fine structure constant (α) and gyromagnetic ratios. Laboratory comparisons of present-day clocks – such as the recent comparison of magnesium and caesium clocks at the Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris in Turin (A Godone et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. (1993) 71 2364) – are increasingly able to test the constancy of these ratios. Tests can achieve precisions of possible cosmological significance and there are prospects for more stringent tests in the future.

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