Dual PPARα/γ activation provides enhanced improvement of insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in ZDF rats

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Abstract
Improvement of insulin sensitivity and lipid and glucose metabolism by coactivation of both nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and PPARα potentially provides beneficial effects over existing PPARγ and α preferential drugs, respectively, in treatment of type 2 diabetes. We examined the effects of the dual PPARα/γ agonist ragaglitazar on hyperglycemia and whole body insulin sensitivity in early and late diabetes stages in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and compared them with treatment with the PPARγ preferential agonist rosiglitazone. Despite normalization of hyperglycemia and Hb A1cand reduction of plasma triglycerides by both compounds in both prevention and early intervention studies, ragaglitazar treatment resulted in overall reduced circulating insulin and improved insulin sensitivity to a greater extent than after treatment with rosiglitazone. In late-intervention therapy, ragaglitazar reduced Hb A1cby 2.3% compared with 1.1% by rosiglitazone. Improvement of insulin sensitivity caused by the dual PPARα/γ agonist ragaglitazar seemed to have beneficial impact over that of the PPARγ-preferential activator rosiglitazone on glycemic control in frankly diabetic ZDF rats.