Hepatic vascular and bile duct injury after ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

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Abstract
Three patients with serious hepatic vascular injury after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are described. In two cases, immediately after ethanol injection, liver function tests deteriorated and computed tomography (CT) showed a wedge-shaped low-density area due to liver infarction. In the other case, 1 year after ethanol injection, the intrahepatic bile duct in the right lobe was dilated and the right hepatic lobe atrophied. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed stenosis of the main right hepatic duct. Since complications include both acute and delayed vascular injury after ethanol injection, patients should be followed for a long period after treatment.