Structure of the Interface between Two Polar Liquids: Nitrobenzene and Water

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Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray reflectivity is used to study the electron density as a function of depth through the bulk nitrobenzene−water interface at four different temperatures. The measured interfacial width differs from the predictions of capillary wave theory with a progressively smaller deviation as the temperature is raised. Computer simulations suggest the presence of both molecular layering and dipole ordering parallel to the interface. Either layering or a bending rigidity, that can result from dipole ordering, can explain these measurements.