Transforming growth factor β1, insulin and prostaglandin E1enhance prostaglandin F2αmitogenic action in Swiss 3T3 cells via separate events

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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) had no mitogenic effect in Swiss 3T3 cells, but could increase prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)‐induced DNA synthesis. Insulin, but not prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), further enhanced PGF2α action at low TGFβ1 concentrations. TGFβ1 also acted concertedly with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetylglycerol to induce mitogenesis. Thus, it appears that TGFβ1 and insulin act via separate signals, while TGFβ1 and PGE1 might share a common pathway not involving TGFβ1‐mediated prostaglandin synthesis. These results suggest that TGFβ1 might elicit various signalling mechanisms to enhance PGF2α‐triggered events.