Thyroid angiography—techniques, anatomy and indications

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Abstract
Selective thyroid angiography provides a safe and effective method of investigation for thyroid and parathyroid lesions. Selective injections into all four thyroid arteries are made via the femoral route, and subtraction is used routinely in all studies. Indications for the procedure include investigation of parathyroid tumours, thyroid masses, mediastinal masses to be differentiated from substernal thyroid, and vascular abnormalities of the thyroid. Characteristic findings in parathyroid adenoma, thyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma, metastatic disease to the thyroid and vascular anomalies of the thyroid are discussed.