THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM

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Abstract
IT IS WELL known that the vertebrate retina contains three layers of nerve cells: the photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), the bipolar cells, and the ganglion cells, joined to one another in a variety of combinations by cross connections through the horizontal and amacrine cells. The physiologic reactions of the retina are as complicated as is its anatomic structure. The stimulation of the eye by light evokes several types of electric response in the optic nerve, as well as a complex retinal potential made up of at least three easily recognizable components.1 The action potential, developed in the retina or in the electroretinogram, has the same properties whether it is recorded between the cornea and the back part of an excised eye or between a differential corneal electrode and an indifferent electrode placed elsewhere on the intact animal. Thus, it is unnecessary to operate around the eyeball of vertebrates
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