Sweating in cattle. I. Cutaneous evaporative losses in calves and its relationship with respiratory evaporative loss and skin and rectal temperatures

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Abstract
Three calves (Australian Illawara Shorthorn, Shorthorn and Zebu × Australian Illawara Shorthorn) were exposed to different combinations of wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in a psychrometric chamber at the Physiology Department of the University of Queensland. These animals were 2–3 months old when first exposed to heat. Measurements were made on these animals for cutaneous and respiratory water losses, and skin and rectal temperatures. Cutaneous water losses in all the animals studied increased with increases in air temperature. Comparing these results with those on men with congenital absence of sweat glands exposed to high air temperature below the sweat point, suggests that the cutaneous evaporative losses in cattle are more than those that can be accounted for by diffusionmoisture alone. Increase in cutaneous evaporation under hot conditions is accompanied by increase in skin and rectal temperatures. In the Zebu cross, however, the skin temperature did not rise with rise in air temperature. Keeping the humidity constant, rise in dry-bulb temperature caused increase in respiratory water loss. On the other hand, rising humidity at a constant dry-bulb temperature resulted in decrease in respiratory evaporation. Respiratory evaporative loss was, therefore, greater in hot-dry than in hot-wet conditions.