Dimethyl sulfoxide: effects on function of fresh platelets and on the viability of platelets in storage

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Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a cryoprotective agent when platelets are frozen. The effect of DMSO (0.1-10%) on platelet aggregation, release and prostaglandin synthesis (as indicated by malondialdehyde formation) in response to thrombin, collagen, arachidonic acid and Ca ionophore was examined. Inhibition was observed at the lowest levels of DMSO, varied with the type of stimulus, and was reversed by washing the platelets. Inhibition of aggregation, release and malondialdehyde formation were dose-dependent with thrombin or collagen. DMSO did not inhibit malondialdehyde formation stimulated by arachidonic acid, nor did it consistently inhibit any function stimulated by Ca ionophore. When platelets were stored as platelet-rich plasma at 20.degree.-24.degree. C for 48 h, with and without 5% DMSO, and subsequently washed, the platelets stored with DMSO were more reactive in vitro. Platelet function inhibition by DMSO is reversible and protects the platelets during storage. The factor limiting the use of DMSO in platelet storage is potential systemic toxicity, not its effects on platelets.