The injection of 750 units of α-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the rhesus monkey eye resulted frequently in sustained elevation of the intraocular pressure. Retinal and neural degeneration, typical of that encountered in spontaneous human and experimental animal glaucoma, was found. Central corneal degeneration was frequent and led to perforation. Atrophy of the ciliary body was a striking finding in monkeys that developed glaucoma, and was present as early as three days after instillation of the enzyme. It is suggested that the pressure elevation was the consequence of ciliary body damage.