Infant and Child Weights: Reliability and Validity of Scales

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of scales used for weighing infants and young children and to identify sources of error. The sample consisted of 30 metric scales from three hospitals. The scales were of different types, mechanisms, makes, and age. The data was collected using a set protocol and a total of 430 weight readings were recorded. Criterion validity was determined by comparing readings from the sample scales with readings obtained on the Federal Government Standard scales in Ottawa, Ontario. Descriptive data were collected from the weighers. Criterion validity was analyzed using t tests. Results showed that accuracy decreased at the heavier weight levels. Interrater reliability was examined by the percentage of agreement between weighers: Agreement was found to be weaker at the heavier levels. Manufacturer or type of mechanism was not a significant factor in error. However, infant scales were more accurate than adult scales and newer scales more accurate at heavier levels. Content analysis of descriptive data showed that errors were caused by a combination of the nurse and the weighing mechanism. In conclusion, whenever extremely accurate weights are needed, it is recommended that an infant scale rather than an adult scale be used and that the newest or most recently calibrated scale be chosen.

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