ZUR ANATOMIE DER RINDERMILCHDRÜSE UND ÜBER DIE MORPHOLOGIE IHRER SEZERNIERENDEN TEILE

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Abstract
Udders from cows of 1-14 yrs. were studied by various techniques, including maceration, duct injn., corrosion, serial sectioning and reconstruction. The lobes of each quarter are arranged in broad, flat sheets, the outer ones parallel to the surface. The milk ducts therefore occur at concentric levels. The juvenile lobule does not consist of tightly coiled small ducts, but each "duct" consists of a series of small swellings separated by deep constrictions. Each branch terminates in a true alveolus. Thus the secreting portion has the same alternate dilatations and constrictions as the larger milk ducts. The lactating lobule is a great expansion of the juvenile pattern; each alveolar enlargement has openings into it from 1 to 6 others or from a terminal alveolus. These are of uniform size, and buds to form new alveoli cannot be identified. The glandular portion is best described as made up of "branching alveoli," a morphology well adapted to milk secretion, storage and conduction. After the 1st lactation, involution to nearly the juvenile state can occur, but after each succeeding lactation less and less fat appears between the lobules. In old animals the openings connecting the alveolar enlargements widen during involution so that large intralobular sinuses appear. Involution proceeds at different rates in different lobes. In general it is most advanced near the udder surface, in the region of the cisterns and the large milk ducts. The ligamentum suspensorium uberis arises exclusively from the linea alba and begins caudally at the "scrobiculus tendineus. The lateral deep udder fascia splits into numerous sheets which attach to the interlobar septa.

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