The Occurrence of Histamine and Tyramine in Rumen Ingesta of Experimentally Over-Fed Sheep

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Abstract
A method for separation of some toxic components of rumen ingesta was presented. The non-dialyzable fraction, when injected intravenously into a dog, had an effect upon blood pressure similar to that of polyvinyl-pyrrolidone. Histamine and tyramine were constituents of the dialyzable fraction of rumen ingesta of experimentally over-fed sheep, but were not present in the rumen ingesta of normally fed animals. Concentrations of greater than 70 [mu]g histamine/ml rumen ingesta were found in sheep which died from over-feeding. A direct correlation was shown between pH of the rumen contents, the histamine level of the ingesta and the well being of the animal. Histamine was detected as the pH of the ingesta approached 5. Animals became acutely ill when the ingesta had a pH of 4.5 or lower. At the low pH values histamine concentration exceeded 20 [mu]g/ml rumen ingesta.

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