Selectivity in vibrationally mediated single-molecule chemistry

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Abstract
The selective excitation of molecular vibrations provides a means to directly influence the speed and outcome of chemical reactions. Such mode-selective chemistry1 has traditionally used laser pulses to prepare reactants in specific vibrational states2 to enhance reactivity3,4 or modify the distribution of product species5,6. Inelastic tunnelling electrons may also excite molecular vibrations7,8 and have been used to that effect on adsorbed molecules, to cleave individual chemical bonds9 and induce molecular motion10,11,12,13 or dissociation14,15,16,17. Here we demonstrate that inelastic tunnelling electrons can be tuned to induce selectively either the translation or desorption of individual ammonia molecules on a Cu(100) surface. We are able to select a particular reaction pathway by adjusting the electronic tunnelling current and energy during the reaction induction such that we activate either the stretching vibration of ammonia or the inversion of its pyramidal structure. Our results illustrate the ability of the scanning tunnelling microscope to probe single-molecule events in the limit of very low yield and very low power irradiation, which should allow the investigation of reaction pathways not readily amenable to study by more conventional approaches.