Muscle cell components dictate hepatocyte gene expression and the distribution of the Golgi apparatus in heterokaryons.

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Abstract
Major changes in cytoarchitecture and gene expression were induced in short-term heterokaryons. When human hepatocytes were fused with mouse muscle cells, the hepatocyte Golgi apparatus changed from its usual polar location to a uniformly circumnuclear location typical of striated muscle. Human liver albumin ceased to be expressed, and expression of the human muscle cell-surface antigen 5.1H11 was induced without DNA replication or cell division. Coexpression of liver and muscle proteins was rarely observed. These novel findings provide insight into the regulation of gene expression and the targeting and localization of organelles with a central role in cell polarity, intracellular transport, and secretion.