Rotation Curves of Ursa Major Galaxies in the Context of Modified Newtonian Dynamics

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Abstract
This is the third in a series of papers in which spiral galaxy rotation curves are considered in the context of Milgrom's modified dynamics (MOND). The present sample of 30 objects is drawn from a complete sample of galaxies in the Ursa Major cluster, with photometric data from Tully et al. and 21 cm line data from Verheijen. The galaxies are roughly all at the same distance (15 to 16 Mpc). The radio observations are made with the Westerbork Synthesis Array, which means that the linear resolution of all rotation curves is comparable. The greatest advantage of this sample is the existence of K'-band surface photometry for all galaxies; the near-infrared emission, being relatively free of the effects of dust absorption and less sensitive to recent star formation, is a more precise tracer of the mean radial distribution of the dominant stellar population. The predicted rotation curves are calculated from the K'-band surface photometry and the observed distribution of neutral hydrogen using the simple MOND prescription, in which the one adjustable parameter is the mass of the stellar disk or the implied mass-to-light ratio. The predicted rotation curves generally agree with the observed curves, and the mean M/L in the near-infrared is about 0.9 with a small dispersion. The fitted M/L in the B-band correlates with B-V color in the sense predicted by population synthesis models. Including earlier work, about 80 galaxy rotation curves are now well reproduced from the observed distribution of detectable matter using the MOND formula to calculate the gravitational acceleration; this lends considerable observational support to Milgrom's unconventional hypothesis.