Cosmological Perturbations with Multiple Fluids and Fields

We consider the evolution of perturbed cosmological spacetime with multiple fluid and field system in Einstein gravity. Equations are presented in gauge-ready forms, and are presented using the adiabatic and isocurvature perturbation variables. We present equations in the general background with $K$ and $\Lambda$. We also clarify the conditions for conserved adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations in the large-scale limit. One interesting conclusion is that, for ideal fluid system, although the isocurvature modes can seed the adiabatic mode in the large-scale limit, the isocurvature modes decouple from the adiabatic one which is not the case for the field system. Useful sets of equations readily applicable to the quintessence models and the warm inflation scenario can be found in this work. An application to the scaling regime with an exponential field potential is made in the Appendix.