Systemic Hypertension Associated with Cyclosporine: A Review

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Abstract
Use of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine has been associated with an increased incidence of hypertension. The incidence, onset, duration, and severity of the associated blood pressure elevation varies greatly depending on the therapeutic indication for cyclosporine use. This paper reviews the disparity in the reports of cyclosporine-associated hypertension and the factors evaluated for possible association. Possible mechanisms involved in the blood pressure elevation as well as treatment approaches that have been employed are discussed. Further research efforts are needed to clarify conflicting information regarding mechanisms, associated factors, and rational treatment.