Attachment of bone to threaded implants by ingrowth and mechanical interlocking

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Abstract
Threaded cylindrical samples of titanium, aluminum oxide, and titanium flame‐sprayed with Al2O3 were implanted trasnversely in dog femurs. Half the samples were pushed into slightly oversize holes in the femurs, and half were screwed into slightly undersize holes. After implantation for 4 weeks, the former samples were pushed out and the latter torqued out.Metallographic and electron microprobe examination showed that essentially complete ingrowth of new trabecular bone had occurred into the threads of all samples. The highest push‐out shear strengths, (of the order of 2000–2500 psi), were obtained with sharp V‐threads on surface oxidized titanium at 56 thread/inch. In these samples, the fracture path was mostly through the new bone rather than along the bone/implant interface. Torque‐out shear strengths were substantially lower (300–1000 psi) with the fracture path following the macroscopic bone‐implant boundary.

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