Research on Physical Activity in the Elderly: Practical Implications for Program Planning

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Abstract
The majority of elderly individuals do not engage in any form of regular physical activity. This lack of participation is thought to be due to a number of factors ranging from entrenched patterns of inactivity to myths and fears concerning the safety and suitability of exercise for this age group. The following review critically examines the research in the area in order to assess the elderly's capacity for exercise and the benefits accruing from exercise. Endurance training studies are contrasted with rhythmic exercise programs in terms of documented benefits, screening procedures and attrition rates. The lower-intensity exercise programs attract a more representative group of senior participants and appear to overcome many of the barriers to increased involvement in physical activity. Implications of the research findings for both program planning and broader educational efforts are discussed.