Simultaneous Determination of Carbaryl, Malathion, Fenitrothion, and Diazinon Residues in Sesame Seeds (Sesamum indicum L.)

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Abstract
A method is described for the simultaneous determination of carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate), malathion [diethyl (dimethoxythiophosphorylthio) succinate], fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate), and diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate) in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds. Sesame seeds were Soxhlet extracted with n-hexane, and the extract was subjected to a liquid−liquid partitioning and column cleanup to remove the oily coextractives prior to analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean percent recoveries (± standard deviations) from sesame seeds fortified with carbaryl (0.004 to 0.035 μg/g), malathion (0.53 to 4.25 μg/g), fenitrothion (0.22 to 1.78 μg/g), and diazinon (0.54 to 4.35 μg/g) were 83.3 ± 5.7, 85.5 ± 6.6, 85.6 ± 7.2, and 88.4 ± 4.8, respectively. The method was used for the simultaneous analysis of carbaryl, malathion, fenitrothion, and diazinon residues in sesame seeds obtained from an Ethiopian field crop that had been treated with the pesticides during its growing period. Keywords: Carbaryl; malathion; fenitrothion; diazinon; Sesame seeds; HPLC analysis; cleanup of oily coextractives