Abstract
Since the late 1980s planners have had to start adjusting, much more quickly and fully than before, to the challenges posed by environmental issues. This applies at all potential levels of action, from the urban through the regional and national up to the European. A selection of recent work and ideas at each of these levels is discussed. Some of the complexities of the interrelations of sectors and levels are explored. The need for the more effective and more rapid exchange of experience and research across Europe is stressed, if urban and regional planning is to fulfil its potential as an instrument of preventative environmental policy.

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