Normal tissue reactions to radiotherapy: towards tailoring treatment dose by genotype

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Abstract
Variation in sensitivity to radiation is an inherited genetic trait. This Perspective explores the possibility of genome-wide association studies to characterize genetic profiles that predict patient response to radiotherapy. A key challenge in radiotherapy is to maximize radiation doses to cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. As severe toxicity in a minority of patients limits the doses that can be safely given to the majority, there is interest in developing a test to measure an individual's radiosensitivity before treatment. Variation in sensitivity to radiation is an inherited genetic trait and recent progress in genotyping raises the possibility of genome-wide studies to characterize genetic profiles that predict patient response to radiotherapy.