Regulation of expression of glucose transporters by glucose: a review of studies in vivo and in cell cultures

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Abstract
Glucose transporters are membrane-embedded proteins that mediate the uptake of glucose from the surrounding medium into the cell. Glucose is the main fuel for most cells, and its uptake is rate-limiting for glucose utilization. For this reason, it is expected that glucose transport is tightly regulated. Whereas rapid regulation of glucose transporters by hormones has been known for some time, the regulation of glucose transporters by substrate availability (i.e., by glucose itself) is less well understood. This question has been approached by scientists from two angles: one, by measuring the consequence of diabetic states (in which there is surplus of glucose availability) on the expression of glucose transporter genes, and another one, by measuring the effect of glucose availability and glucose deprivation in cell cultures on glucose transporter gene expression. The results from both camps are unfortunately not coincident, due in part to the coexistence of other variables in the diabetic animals, and to ...

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