The Breeding System and Aspects of Pollination Effectiveness in Oenothera speciosa (Onagraceae)

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Abstract
O. speciosa is clonal and partially self-incompatible. Seed-set is dependent on pollen transfer by floral visitors. Observations of foraging behavior and pollen transfer loads showed that honeybees were the most important pollinators. The pollen deposition function of honeybees on O. speciosa declines exponentially with sequence of flower, so that only the first 1 or 2 flowers visited in a clone are expected to receive adequate pollen doses. Deficits in seed-set in field populations probably result from low frequency of effective pollinators and incompatible intraclonal pollinations.

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