Uses of Direct and Indirect Measures

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Abstract
This article assesses selected direct and indirect measures of energy conservation program impact. The analysis is based on a case study of three sets of impact data generated by one of the Energy Extension Service's most successful pilot period programs. The indirect estimates are found to run about twice as high as the estimate based on before-and-after direct measurements and to suffer from large sampling errors. Although more accurate and reliable, direct measurements can encounter problems of time and cost. In such cases, survey evidence on implementation rates can be combined with pretest evidence on possible savings to yield usable esiimates of program impact.

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