Concepts of citrate production and secretion by prostate: 2. Hormonal relationships in normal and neoplastic prostate

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Abstract
A unique and major function of prostate secretory epithelial cells is to synthesize, accumulate, and secrete extraordinarily high levels of citrate. This function is regulated by testosterone and by prolactin. Concepts of the mechanisms of hormonal regulation are presented. The relationship of testosterone and prolactin to the origin and homologies of different prostate cell lines is described. The metabolic differentiation of citrate and noncitrate producing prostate secretory epithelial cells is discussed. Concepts of the pathogenesis of prostatic neoplasms are presented based on hormonal, metabolic, and homologous relationships associated with citrate production. Characterization of normal and neoplastic secretory epithelial cells by their citrate function is emphasized. The urgency and necessity for research relating to all aspects of prostate citrate production in normal and pathological prostate are emphasized.