Drug Therapy of Tardive Dyskinesia

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Abstract
Drug-induced tardive dyskinesia represents a major side effect limiting long-term use of antipsychotic drugs and responds poorly to treatment. The drugs most frequently associated with this syndrome are the phenothiazines and haloperidol. Spontaneous cases are infrequent as compared to drug-related ones. Although the exact frequency is difficult to assess, spontaneous tardive dyskinesia has been estimated to occur in 3 to 6 per cent of a mixed population of psychiatric patients1 and in up to 40 per cent of elderly, chronically institutionalized patients.2 The disorder thus appears most frequently in the elderly and in patients treated with high doses of antipsychotic . . .

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