Parasite-mediated heterozygote advantage in an outbred songbird population

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Abstract
Coevolution with parasites is thought to maintain genetic diversity in host populations. However, while there are sound theoretical reasons to expect heterozygosity and parasite resistance to be related, this pattern has generally been shown only in inbred laboratory and island populations. This leaves doubt as to whether parasite-mediated selection for genetic diversity is in fact a general process. Here we show that haematozoan parasite load is linked to two complementary measures of microsatellite variability, in an outbred population of mountain white-crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha ) for which we know that parasites reduce fitness. Moreover, each of the genetic measures predicts a subtly different aspect of parasitism. Microsatellite heterozygosity is related to an individual's risk of parasitism, and mean d 2 (a broader, more long-term measure of parental relatedness) to the severity of infection among parasitized individuals.