Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization
Top Cited Papers
- 1 May 2000
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
- Vol. 47 (5) , 655-674
- https://doi.org/10.1109/81.847872
Abstract
Phase noise is a topic of theoretical and practical interest in electronic circuits, as well as in other fields, such as optics. Although progress has been made in understanding the phenomenon, there still remain significant gaps, both in its fundamental theory and in numerical techniques for its characterization. In this paper, we develop a solid foundation for phase noise that is valid for any oscillator, regardless of operating mechanism. We establish novel results about the dynamics of stable nonlinear oscillators in the presence of perturbations, both deterministic and random. We obtain an exact nonlinear equation for phase error, which we solve without approximations for random perturbations. This leads us to a precise characterization of timing jitter and spectral dispersion, for computing of which we have developed efficient numerical methods. We demonstrate our techniques on a variety of practical electrical oscillators and obtain good matches with measurements, even at frequencies close to the carrier, where previous techniques break down. Our methods are more than three orders of magnitude faster than the brute-force Monte Carlo approach, which is the only previously available technique that can predict phase noise correctly.Keywords
This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- Jitter in ring oscillatorsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002
- Analysis of timing jitter in CMOS ring oscillatorsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002
- A time-domain method for numerical noise analysis of oscillatorsPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2002
- Noise analysis of a class of oscillatorsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 1998
- Cyclostationary noise analysis of large RF circuits with multitone excitationsIEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1998
- Efficient Steady-State Analysis Based on Matrix-Free Krylov-Subspace MethodsProceedings of the 39th conference on Design automation - DAC '02, 1995
- Steady-State Methods for Simulating Analog and Microwave CircuitsPublished by Springer Nature ,1990
- Noise in relaxation oscillatorsIEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1983
- A computer algorithm to determine the steady-state response of nonlinear oscillatorsIEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory, 1972
- Steady-state analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputsProceedings of the IEEE, 1972