Inactivation of WBCs in RBC suspensions by photoactive phenothiazine dyes: comparison of dimethylmethylene blue and MB
- 1 August 2000
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Transfusion
- Vol. 40 (8) , 968-975
- https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40080968.x
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The transfusion of blood components containing WBCs can cause unwanted complications, which include virus transmission, transfusion‐associated GVHD, alloimmunization, febrile reactions, and immunomodulation. Phototreatment with 4 μM of dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and 13 J per cm2 of white light irradiation has previously been shown to be an effective way to inactivate different models of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses in RBC suspensions, with minimum damage to RBCs. The present study compares WBC photoinactivation in buffy coat after DMMB or MB phototreatment under virucidal conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Buffy coat diluted to 30‐percent Hct was treated with the dye and white light. Isolated WBCs were assayed for cell proliferation and viability by an assay using a tetrazolium compound, limiting dilution analysis, DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry assays.RESULTS: DMMB and 2.5 J per cm2 of light phototreat‐ment can inactivate T cells to the limit of detection by limiting dilution analysis (>4.76 log reduction). No WBC proliferation activity was observed after DMMB and 3.8 J per cm2 of light. DNA degradation after DMMB phototreatment was light dependent. In addition, DMMB phototreatment induced apoptosis in WBCs. In contrast, MB phototreatment under virucidal conditions did not cause significant changes in the viability of WBCs. Neither DNA degradation nor signs of apoptosis were observed after MB phototreatment.CONCLUSION: DMMB phototreatment inactivates T‐lymphocytes, the cells that cause GVHD.Keywords
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