Agra, arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests: palmata‐group systematics (Carabidae)

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Abstract
This paper is the fourth in a series designed to cover taxomomical‐ly all species groups ofAgra, whose cumulative ranges extend from southernmost Texas to northernmost Argentina. New methods of description are used in the series to cover the several hundred species in less time and space, to provide a consistent numerical data base for those who choose to use it, and to use more efficiently and effectively the descriptive process. In this paper, one species group,palmata, is discussed; it is divided into six subgroups:dominula, cavei, dora, tingomaria, valentinaandpalmata.Thirty‐two new speciesof Agraare described from the following type‐localities:eucera(REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island),eucnemes(type area: ECUADOR),demerasae(GUYANA, Demerasa),nox(type area: FRENCH GUIANA),nigrarima(WEST INDIES, Trinidad, Arima Valley),sironyx(WEST INDIES, Trinidad, Arima Valley),atlas(WEST INDIES, Trinidad, Simla, 5.0 miles north of Arima),rufarima(WEST INDIES, Trinidad),littleorum(BRAZIL, Amazonas, Rio Demiti),constans(BRAZIL, Amazonas, Benjamin Constant),serra(BRAZIL, Para, Santarem),xingu(BRAZIL, Para, Sao Felix do Xingu),goyazella(BRAZIL, Goyas, Jatahy),cachimbo(BRAZIL, Para, Cachimbo),tarapoto(PERU, Tarapoto),iota(PERU, Rio Ucayali, mouth),cavei(PARAGUAY, Cordillera, Caapuce),notichlora(PARAGUAY, Santisma Trinidad),dora(PERU, Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Reserve, 30 km (air) SW Puerto Maldonado),satipo(PERU, Satipo),notiocyanea(BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz, Sara),tingomaria(PERU, Tingo Maria, Monson Valley),pearsoni(PERU, Lago Yarina‐cocha),stockwelli(REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island),paloma(MEXICO, Oaxaca, Palomeres),kayae(MEXICO, Chiapas, Arroyo Santa Maria, east slope Sierra de Colmena),belize(BELIZE, Rio Temas),atriperna(REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island),orabrocha(REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island),dorazul(COLOMBIA, Santander),cyaneucnemes(COLOMBIA, Minca),vesedes(type‐area: northern South America). Thirty‐nine species are fully discussed. Their cumulative range extends from Oaxaca, Mexico, south to Bolivia, east to Brazilia and north to Guyana; most species are very locally distributed. A dot map illustrates the range of each taxon.Distribution and relationships are discussed in general, but detailed cladistic analysis of the five groups of SectionErythropuswill be presented in a separate paper. Species distributions correspond to Pleistocene refuges suggested by other authors based on other classes or groups of organisms.