Experimental Observation of Strong Photon Localization in Disordered Photonic Crystal Waveguides

We demonstrate experimentally that structural perturbations imposed on highly dispersive photonic crystal-based waveguides give rise to spectral features that bear signatures of Anderson localization. Sharp resonances with effective $Q$’s of over 30 000 are found in scattering spectra of disordered waveguides. The resonances are observed in a $\sim 20\mathrm{\text{−}}\mathrm{nm}$ bandwidth centered at the cutoff of slowly guided Bloch modes. The origin of the spectral features can be explained by the interference of coherently scattered electromagnetic waves which results in the formation of a narrow impurity (or localization) band populated with spectrally distinct quasistates. Standard photon localization criteria are fulfilled in the localization band.