Recent advances in catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

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Abstract
Owing to the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), human life and the ecological environment have been affected by global warming and climate changes. To mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere various strategies have been implemented such as separation, storage, and utilization of CO2 . Although it has been explored for many years, hydrogenation reaction, an important representative among chemical conversions of CO2 , offers challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. Indeed, the hydrogenation of CO2 not only reduces the increasing CO2 buildup but also produces fuels and chemicals. In this critical review we discuss recent developments in this area, with emphases on catalytic reactivity, reactor innovation, and reaction mechanism. We also provide an overview regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field (319 references).