A Controlled Trial of Aerosolized Pentamidine or Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole as Primary Prophylaxis againstPneumocystis cariniiPneumonia in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

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Abstract
Primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection if their CD4 cell counts are below 200 per cubic millimeter (0.2×109 per liter). Either aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is commonly prescribed for prophylaxis, but the relative efficacy and toxicity of these agents are unknown.