Electro-Optic Mode Extinction Modulator Using Weakly Guided Channel Waveguide

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Abstract
Electro-optic modulators have been constructed which provide high efficiency modulation of channel guided waves in LiNb03 with a capability of large dynamic range, good linearity, and high packing density for use in large modulator arrays. Modulation of an input guided wave has been observed by creating a variable index gradient with an E-field generated by surface electrodes. The dominant modulation mechanism is determined by the degree of light energy confinement in the interaction region. Both an imaging or gradient effect and a guided mode effect are possible. Modulation efficiencies of greater than 0.95 have been achieved with a 1 mm interaction length and an E-field strength of 4 x 10-6 v/m. Linearity of about 1% has been demonstrated. Design considerations and experimental performance data are presented.

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